fuzzyworld

when-am-i / files / src / data / calendars / ottoman.json

ottoman.json

Blame: the commit that last changed each line · file · history

363ec6dc 2026-06-21 Pavel Safronov1{
2 "region": {
3 "name": "Ottoman Empire (Anatolia and the Balkans, core territory)",
4 "geo": {
f277378b 2026-06-24 Pavel Safronov5 "type": "MultiPolygon",
363ec6dc 2026-06-21 Pavel Safronov6 "coordinates": [
7 [
f277378b 2026-06-24 Pavel Safronov8 [
9 [
10 36.91,
11 41.34
12 ],
13 [
14 38.35,
15 40.95
16 ],
17 [
18 39.51,
19 41.1
20 ],
21 [
22 40.37,
23 41.01
24 ],
25 [
26 41.55,
27 41.54
28 ],
29 [
30 42.62,
31 41.58
32 ],
33 [
34 43.58,
35 41.09
36 ],
37 [
38 43.75,
39 40.74
40 ],
41 [
42 43.66,
43 40.25
44 ],
45 [
46 44.4,
47 40.01
48 ],
49 [
50 44.79,
51 39.71
52 ],
53 [
54 44.11,
55 39.43
56 ],
57 [
58 44.42,
59 38.28
60 ],
61 [
62 44.23,
63 37.97
64 ],
65 [
66 44.77,
67 37.17
68 ],
69 [
70 44.29,
71 37.0
72 ],
73 [
74 43.94,
75 37.26
76 ],
77 [
78 42.78,
79 37.39
80 ],
81 [
82 42.35,
83 37.23
84 ],
85 [
86 41.21,
87 37.07
88 ],
89 [
90 40.67,
91 37.09
92 ],
93 [
94 39.52,
95 36.72
96 ],
97 [
98 38.7,
99 36.71
100 ],
101 [
102 38.17,
103 36.9
104 ],
105 [
106 37.07,
107 36.62
108 ],
109 [
110 36.74,
111 36.82
112 ],
113 [
114 36.69,
115 36.26
116 ],
117 [
118 36.42,
119 36.04
120 ],
121 [
122 36.15,
123 35.82
124 ],
125 [
126 35.78,
127 36.27
128 ],
129 [
130 36.16,
131 36.65
132 ],
133 [
134 35.55,
135 36.57
136 ],
137 [
138 34.71,
139 36.8
140 ],
141 [
142 34.03,
143 36.22
144 ],
145 [
146 32.51,
147 36.11
148 ],
149 [
150 31.7,
151 36.64
152 ],
153 [
154 30.62,
155 36.68
156 ],
157 [
158 30.39,
159 36.26
160 ],
161 [
162 29.7,
163 36.14
164 ],
165 [
166 28.73,
167 36.68
168 ],
169 [
170 27.64,
171 36.66
172 ],
173 [
174 27.05,
175 37.65
176 ],
177 [
178 26.32,
179 38.21
180 ],
181 [
182 26.8,
183 38.99
184 ],
185 [
186 26.17,
187 39.46
188 ],
189 [
190 27.28,
191 40.42
192 ],
193 [
194 28.82,
195 40.46
196 ],
197 [
198 29.24,
199 41.22
200 ],
201 [
202 31.15,
203 41.09
204 ],
205 [
206 32.35,
207 41.74
208 ],
209 [
210 33.51,
211 42.02
212 ],
213 [
214 35.17,
215 42.04
216 ],
217 [
218 36.91,
219 41.34
220 ]
221 ]
222 ],
223 [
224 [
225 [
226 27.19,
227 40.69
228 ],
229 [
230 26.36,
231 40.15
232 ],
233 [
234 26.04,
235 40.62
236 ],
237 [
238 26.06,
239 40.82
240 ],
241 [
242 26.29,
243 40.94
244 ],
245 [
246 26.6,
247 41.56
248 ],
249 [
250 26.12,
251 41.83
252 ],
253 [
254 27.14,
255 42.14
256 ],
257 [
258 28.0,
259 42.01
260 ],
261 [
262 28.12,
263 41.62
264 ],
265 [
266 28.99,
267 41.3
268 ],
269 [
270 28.81,
271 41.05
272 ],
273 [
274 27.62,
275 41.0
276 ],
277 [
278 27.19,
279 40.69
280 ]
281 ]
282 ],
283 [
284 [
285 [
286 23.61,
287 35.5
288 ],
289 [
290 23.7,
291 35.71
292 ],
293 [
294 24.03,
295 35.5
296 ],
297 [
298 23.61,
299 35.5
300 ]
301 ]
302 ],
303 [
304 [
305 [
306 26.6,
307 41.56
308 ],
309 [
310 26.29,
311 40.94
312 ],
313 [
314 26.06,
315 40.82
316 ],
317 [
318 25.45,
319 40.85
320 ],
321 [
322 24.93,
323 40.95
324 ],
325 [
326 23.71,
327 40.69
328 ],
329 [
330 24.41,
331 40.12
332 ],
333 [
334 23.9,
335 39.96
336 ],
337 [
338 23.34,
339 39.96
340 ],
341 [
342 22.81,
343 40.48
344 ],
345 [
346 22.63,
347 40.26
348 ],
349 [
350 22.85,
351 39.66
352 ],
353 [
354 23.35,
355 39.19
356 ],
357 [
358 22.97,
359 38.97
360 ],
361 [
362 23.53,
363 38.51
364 ],
365 [
366 24.03,
367 38.22
368 ],
369 [
370 24.04,
371 37.66
372 ],
373 [
374 23.12,
375 37.92
376 ],
377 [
378 23.41,
379 37.41
380 ],
381 [
382 22.77,
383 37.31
384 ],
385 [
386 23.15,
387 36.42
388 ],
389 [
390 22.49,
391 36.41
392 ],
393 [
394 21.67,
395 36.84
396 ],
397 [
398 21.3,
399 37.64
400 ],
401 [
402 21.12,
403 38.31
404 ],
405 [
406 20.73,
407 38.77
408 ],
409 [
410 20.22,
411 39.34
412 ],
413 [
414 20.15,
415 39.62
416 ],
417 [
418 20.61,
419 40.11
420 ],
421 [
422 20.67,
423 40.44
424 ],
425 [
426 21.0,
427 40.58
428 ],
429 [
430 21.02,
431 40.84
432 ],
433 [
434 21.67,
435 40.93
436 ],
437 [
438 22.06,
439 41.15
440 ],
441 [
442 22.6,
443 41.13
444 ],
445 [
446 22.76,
447 41.3
448 ],
449 [
450 22.95,
451 41.34
452 ],
453 [
454 23.69,
455 41.31
456 ],
457 [
458 24.49,
459 41.58
460 ],
461 [
462 25.2,
463 41.23
464 ],
465 [
466 26.11,
467 41.33
468 ],
469 [
470 26.12,
471 41.83
472 ],
473 [
474 26.6,
475 41.56
476 ]
477 ]
478 ],
479 [
480 [
481 [
482 22.66,
483 44.23
484 ],
485 [
486 22.94,
487 43.82
488 ],
489 [
490 23.33,
491 43.9
492 ],
493 [
494 24.1,
495 43.74
496 ],
497 [
498 25.57,
499 43.69
500 ],
501 [
502 26.07,
503 43.94
504 ],
505 [
506 27.24,
507 44.18
508 ],
509 [
510 27.97,
511 43.81
512 ],
513 [
514 28.56,
515 43.71
516 ],
517 [
518 28.04,
519 43.29
520 ],
521 [
522 27.67,
523 42.58
524 ],
525 [
526 28.0,
527 42.01
528 ],
529 [
530 27.14,
531 42.14
532 ],
533 [
534 26.12,
535 41.83
536 ],
537 [
538 26.11,
539 41.33
540 ],
541 [
542 25.2,
543 41.23
544 ],
545 [
546 24.49,
547 41.58
548 ],
549 [
550 23.69,
551 41.31
552 ],
553 [
554 22.95,
555 41.34
556 ],
557 [
558 22.88,
559 42.0
560 ],
561 [
562 22.38,
563 42.32
564 ],
565 [
566 22.55,
567 42.46
568 ],
569 [
570 22.44,
571 42.58
572 ],
573 [
574 22.6,
575 42.9
576 ],
577 [
578 22.99,
579 43.21
580 ],
581 [
582 22.5,
583 43.64
584 ],
585 [
586 22.41,
587 44.01
588 ],
589 [
590 22.66,
591 44.23
592 ]
593 ]
594 ],
595 [
596 [
597 [
598 22.71,
599 47.88
600 ],
601 [
602 22.95,
603 48.0
604 ],
605 [
606 23.68,
607 48.0
608 ],
609 [
610 23.76,
611 47.99
612 ],
613 [
614 24.4,
615 47.98
616 ],
617 [
618 24.87,
619 47.74
620 ],
621 [
622 25.21,
623 47.89
624 ],
625 [
626 25.95,
627 47.99
628 ],
629 [
630 25.96,
631 48.0
632 ],
633 [
634 27.05,
635 48.0
636 ],
637 [
638 27.23,
639 47.83
640 ],
641 [
642 27.55,
643 47.41
644 ],
645 [
646 28.13,
647 46.81
648 ],
649 [
650 28.16,
651 46.37
652 ],
653 [
654 28.05,
655 45.94
656 ],
657 [
658 28.23,
659 45.49
660 ],
661 [
662 28.68,
663 45.3
664 ],
665 [
666 29.15,
667 45.46
668 ],
669 [
670 29.6,
671 45.29
672 ],
673 [
674 29.63,
675 45.04
676 ],
677 [
678 29.14,
679 44.82
680 ],
681 [
682 28.84,
683 44.91
684 ],
685 [
686 28.56,
687 43.71
688 ],
689 [
690 27.97,
691 43.81
692 ],
693 [
694 27.24,
695 44.18
696 ],
697 [
698 26.07,
699 43.94
700 ],
701 [
702 25.57,
703 43.69
704 ],
705 [
706 24.1,
707 43.74
708 ],
709 [
710 23.33,
711 43.9
712 ],
713 [
714 22.94,
715 43.82
716 ],
717 [
718 22.66,
719 44.23
720 ],
721 [
722 22.47,
723 44.41
724 ],
725 [
726 22.71,
727 44.58
728 ],
729 [
730 22.46,
731 44.7
732 ],
733 [
734 22.15,
735 44.48
736 ],
737 [
738 21.56,
739 44.77
740 ],
741 [
742 21.48,
743 45.18
744 ],
745 [
746 20.87,
747 45.42
748 ],
749 [
750 20.76,
751 45.73
752 ],
753 [
754 20.22,
755 46.13
756 ],
757 [
758 21.02,
759 46.32
760 ],
761 [
762 21.63,
763 46.99
764 ],
765 [
766 22.1,
767 47.67
768 ],
769 [
770 22.71,
771 47.88
772 ]
773 ]
774 ],
775 [
776 [
777 [
778 20.87,
779 45.42
780 ],
781 [
782 21.48,
783 45.18
784 ],
785 [
786 21.56,
787 44.77
788 ],
789 [
790 22.15,
791 44.48
792 ],
793 [
794 22.46,
795 44.7
796 ],
797 [
798 22.71,
799 44.58
800 ],
801 [
802 22.47,
803 44.41
804 ],
805 [
806 22.66,
807 44.23
808 ],
809 [
810 22.41,
811 44.01
812 ],
813 [
814 22.5,
815 43.64
816 ],
817 [
818 22.99,
819 43.21
820 ],
821 [
822 22.6,
823 42.9
824 ],
825 [
826 22.44,
827 42.58
828 ],
829 [
830 22.55,
831 42.46
832 ],
833 [
834 22.38,
835 42.32
836 ],
837 [
838 21.92,
839 42.3
840 ],
841 [
842 21.58,
843 42.25
844 ],
845 [
846 21.54,
847 42.32
848 ],
849 [
850 21.66,
851 42.44
852 ],
853 [
854 21.78,
855 42.68
856 ],
857 [
858 21.63,
859 42.68
860 ],
861 [
862 21.44,
863 42.86
864 ],
865 [
866 21.27,
867 42.91
868 ],
869 [
870 21.14,
871 43.07
872 ],
873 [
874 20.96,
875 43.13
876 ],
877 [
878 20.81,
879 43.27
880 ],
881 [
882 20.64,
883 43.22
884 ],
885 [
886 20.5,
887 42.88
888 ],
889 [
890 20.26,
891 42.81
892 ],
893 [
894 20.34,
895 42.9
896 ],
897 [
898 19.96,
899 43.11
900 ],
901 [
902 19.63,
903 43.21
904 ],
905 [
906 19.48,
907 43.35
908 ],
909 [
910 19.22,
911 43.52
912 ],
913 [
914 19.45,
915 43.57
916 ],
917 [
918 19.6,
919 44.04
920 ],
921 [
922 19.12,
923 44.42
924 ],
925 [
926 19.37,
927 44.86
928 ],
929 [
930 19.01,
931 44.86
932 ],
933 [
934 19.39,
935 45.24
936 ],
937 [
938 19.07,
939 45.52
940 ],
941 [
942 19.0,
943 45.64
944 ],
945 [
946 19.0,
947 45.97
948 ],
949 [
950 19.6,
951 46.17
952 ],
953 [
954 20.22,
955 46.13
956 ],
957 [
958 20.76,
959 45.73
960 ],
961 [
962 20.87,
963 45.42
964 ]
965 ]
966 ],
967 [
968 [
969 [
970 20.59,
971 41.86
972 ],
973 [
974 20.46,
975 41.52
976 ],
977 [
978 20.61,
979 41.09
980 ],
981 [
982 21.02,
983 40.84
984 ],
985 [
986 21.0,
987 40.58
988 ],
989 [
990 20.67,
991 40.44
992 ],
993 [
994 20.61,
995 40.11
996 ],
997 [
998 20.15,
999 39.62
1000 ],
1001 [
1002 19.98,
1003 39.69
1004 ],
1005 [
1006 19.96,
1007 39.92
1008 ],
1009 [
1010 19.41,
1011 40.25
1012 ],
1013 [
1014 19.32,
1015 40.73
1016 ],
1017 [
1018 19.4,
1019 41.41
1020 ],
1021 [
1022 19.54,
1023 41.72
1024 ],
1025 [
1026 19.37,
1027 41.88
1028 ],
1029 [
1030 19.3,
1031 42.2
1032 ],
1033 [
1034 19.74,
1035 42.69
1036 ],
1037 [
1038 19.8,
1039 42.5
1040 ],
1041 [
1042 20.07,
1043 42.59
1044 ],
1045 [
1046 20.28,
1047 42.32
1048 ],
1049 [
1050 20.52,
1051 42.22
1052 ],
1053 [
1054 20.59,
1055 41.86
1056 ]
1057 ]
1058 ],
1059 [
1060 [
1061 [
1062 20.59,
1063 41.86
1064 ],
1065 [
1066 20.72,
1067 41.85
1068 ],
1069 [
1070 20.76,
1071 42.05
1072 ],
1073 [
1074 21.35,
1075 42.21
1076 ],
1077 [
1078 21.58,
1079 42.25
1080 ],
1081 [
1082 21.92,
1083 42.3
1084 ],
1085 [
1086 22.38,
1087 42.32
1088 ],
1089 [
1090 22.88,
1091 42.0
1092 ],
1093 [
1094 22.95,
1095 41.34
1096 ],
1097 [
1098 22.76,
1099 41.3
1100 ],
1101 [
1102 22.6,
1103 41.13
1104 ],
1105 [
1106 22.06,
1107 41.15
1108 ],
1109 [
1110 21.67,
1111 40.93
1112 ],
1113 [
1114 21.02,
1115 40.84
1116 ],
1117 [
1118 20.61,
1119 41.09
1120 ],
1121 [
1122 20.46,
1123 41.52
1124 ],
1125 [
1126 20.59,
1127 41.86
1128 ]
1129 ]
1130 ],
1131 [
1132 [
1133 [
1134 19.0,
1135 44.86
1136 ],
1137 [
1138 19.01,
1139 44.86
1140 ],
1141 [
1142 19.37,
1143 44.86
1144 ],
1145 [
1146 19.12,
1147 44.42
1148 ],
1149 [
1150 19.6,
1151 44.04
1152 ],
1153 [
1154 19.45,
1155 43.57
1156 ],
1157 [
1158 19.22,
1159 43.52
1160 ],
1161 [
1162 19.03,
1163 43.43
1164 ],
1165 [
1166 19.0,
1167 43.41
1168 ],
1169 [
1170 19.0,
1171 44.86
1172 ]
1173 ]
1174 ],
1175 [
1176 [
1177 [
1178 19.8,
1179 42.5
1180 ],
1181 [
1182 19.74,
1183 42.69
1184 ],
1185 [
1186 19.3,
1187 42.2
1188 ],
1189 [
1190 19.37,
1191 41.88
1192 ],
1193 [
1194 19.16,
1195 41.96
1196 ],
1197 [
1198 19.0,
1199 42.14
1200 ],
1201 [
1202 19.0,
1203 43.41
1204 ],
1205 [
1206 19.03,
1207 43.43
1208 ],
1209 [
1210 19.22,
1211 43.52
1212 ],
1213 [
1214 19.48,
1215 43.35
1216 ],
1217 [
1218 19.63,
1219 43.21
1220 ],
1221 [
1222 19.96,
1223 43.11
1224 ],
1225 [
1226 20.34,
1227 42.9
1228 ],
1229 [
1230 20.26,
1231 42.81
1232 ],
1233 [
1234 20.07,
1235 42.59
1236 ],
1237 [
1238 19.8,
1239 42.5
1240 ]
1241 ]
1242 ],
1243 [
1244 [
1245 [
1246 19.0,
1247 45.64
1248 ],
1249 [
1250 19.07,
1251 45.52
1252 ],
1253 [
1254 19.39,
1255 45.24
1256 ],
1257 [
1258 19.01,
1259 44.86
1260 ],
1261 [
1262 19.0,
1263 44.86
1264 ],
1265 [
1266 19.0,
1267 45.64
1268 ]
1269 ]
363ec6dc 2026-06-21 Pavel Safronov1270 ]
1271 ]
1272 }
1273 },
1274 "eras": [
1275 {
1276 "name": "Hijri era (lunar Islamic civil/religious calendar)",
1277 "start": "1299-01-01",
1278 "end": "1926-01-01",
1279 "calendar": "Islamic",
1280 "usedBy": "Ottoman religious and civil authorities",
1281 "description": "From the empire's founding (traditionally 1299), the lunar Hijri (Islamic) calendar was used for religious purposes and, before the Tanzimat-era fiscal reforms, for civil dating as well. Because it is purely lunar, the Hijri year drifts back through the seasons by about 11 days a year. The AH era was formally abandoned for civil purposes by an act of 26 December 1925, effective from 1926, when the Republic of Turkey moved to the Gregorian calendar.",
1282 "sources": [
1283 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_calendar",
1284 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi_calendar"
1285 ]
1286 },
1287 {
1288 "name": "Rumi era (solar fiscal calendar)",
1289 "start": "1840-01-01",
1290 "end": "1926-01-01",
1291 "calendar": "Rumi",
1292 "usedBy": "Ottoman state administration",
1293 "description": "A solar fiscal calendar, using Julian month lengths and leap-year rules, introduced to fix the lunar Hijri calendar's seasonal drift for tax and budget purposes; proposed as early as 1677 and expanded through the 18th century, it was officially adopted for all civic matters under Sultan Abdulmecid I around 1840 (the Tanzimat reforms). It counted years from the Hijri epoch (622 CE) but kept a constant 584-year offset from the Julian/Gregorian year rather than tracking the lunar Hijri year. In February 1917 the calendar was realigned directly onto Gregorian calendar dates (the day after 15 Subat 1332 became 1 Mart 1333), still keeping the 584-year offset, until the Republic of Turkey dropped the Rumi/Hijri era numbering for the Gregorian calendar from 1926.",
1294 "sources": [
1295 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi_calendar",
1296 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_calendar"
1297 ]
1298 },
1299 {
1300 "name": "Gregorian era",
1301 "start": "1926-01-01",
1302 "end": null,
1303 "calendar": "Gregorian",
1304 "usedBy": "the Republic of Turkey",
1305 "description": "Atatürk's calendar reforms replaced the Rumi/Hijri civil dating with the Gregorian calendar from 1 January 1926, the calendar Turkey (the Ottoman Empire's successor state in this region) uses today.",
1306 "sources": [
1307 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_calendar"
1308 ]
1309 }
1310 ]
f277378b 2026-06-24 Pavel Safronov1311}